If you're buying a home with less than 20% down, you've probably heard about mortgage insurance. But what exactly is it, and is it worth the cost? Let's break down everything you need to know about this often-misunderstood protection.
What is Mortgage Insurance?
Mortgage insurance protects the lender (not you) if you stop making payments. There are two main types:
1. Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI)
For conventional loans with less than 20% down payment
2. Mortgage Insurance Premium (MIP)
For FHA loans (required regardless of down payment)
How Mortgage Insurance Works
- You pay a monthly premium (or upfront fee)
- The lender gets paid if you default
- Doesn't cover your losses - just the bank's
Typical Costs
PMI usually costs 0.5% to 1.5% of the loan annually:
- $300,000 loan = $1,500 to $4,500 per year
- Added to your monthly payment
When Is It Required?
- Conventional loans with <20% down
- All FHA loans
- Some special loan programs
How to Remove Mortgage Insurance
For conventional loans:
- Automatic at 78% loan-to-value ratio
- Can request removal at 80% LTV
- Through home value appreciation or extra payments
For FHA loans:
- Must refinance to remove (in most cases)
Alternatives to Mortgage Insurance
- Save for a 20% down payment
- Use a piggyback loan (80-10-10 structure)
- Look for lender-paid MI options
- Consider VA loans (if eligible - no MI required)
Pros and Cons
Advantages:
- Allows home purchase with smaller down payment
- May help qualify for better interest rates
Disadvantages:
- Increases monthly payments
- Doesn't provide borrower protection
- Can be difficult to remove (FHA)
5 Smart Tips
- Shop multiple lenders - PMI rates vary
- Make extra payments to reach 20% faster
- Consider refinancing when you have enough equity
- Get a new appraisal if home values rise significantly
- Ask about lender-paid MI options
Final Thoughts
Mortgage insurance helps many Americans become homeowners sooner, but it's an added cost. Understand your options, calculate the true cost, and have a plan to remove it when possible. For some buyers, waiting to save a larger down payment might be the smarter financial move.
Have experience with mortgage insurance? Share your story in the comments!